Classification of incommensurables: Book 10 Definitions II
Translations
αʹ. Ὑποκειμένης ῥητῆς καὶ τῆς ἐκ δύο ὀνομάτων διῃρημένης εἰς τὰ ὀνόματα, ἧς τὸ μεῖζον ὄνομα τοῦ ἐλάσσονος μεῖζον δύναται τῷ ἀπὸ συμμέτρου ἑαυτῇ μήκει, ἐὰν μὲν τὸ μεῖζον ὄνομα σύμμετρον ᾖ μήκει τῇ ἐκκειμένῃ ῥητῇ, καλείσθω [ἡ ὅλη] ἐκ δύο ὀνομάτων πρώτη.βʹ. Ἐὰν δὲ τὸ ἔλασσον ὄνομα σύμμετρον ᾖ μήκει τῇ ἐκκειμένῃ ῥητῇ, καλείσθω ἐκ δύο ὀνομάτων δευτέρα.γʹ. Ἐὰν δὲ μηδέτερον τῶν ὀνομάτων σύμμετρον ᾖ μήκει τῇ ἐκκειμένῃ ῥητῇ, καλείσθω ἐκ δύο ὀνομάτων τρίτη.δʹ. Πάλιν δὴ ἐὰν τὸ μεῖζον ὄνομα [τοῦ ἐλάσσονος] μεῖζον δύνηται τῷ ἀπὸ ἀσυμμέτρου ἑαυτῇ μήκει, ἐὰν μὲν τὸ μεῖζον ὄνομα σύμμετρον ᾖ μήκει τῇ ἐκκειμένῃ ῥητῇ, καλείσθω ἐκ δύο ὀνομάτων τετάρτη.εʹ. Ἐὰν δὲ τὸ ἔλασσον, πέμπτη.ϛʹ. Ἐὰν δὲ μηδέτερον, ἕκτη.
1. Given a rational straight line and a binomial, divided into its terms, such that the square on the greater term is greater than the square on the lesser by the square on a straight line commensurable in length with the greater, then, if the greater term be commensurable in length with the rational straight line set out, let the whole be called a first binomial straight line;2. but if the lesser term be commensurable in length with the rational straight line set out, let the whole be called a second binomialthird binomial.4. Again, if the square on the greater term be greater than the square on the lesser by the square on a straight line incommensurable in length with the greater, then, if the greater term be commensurable in length with the rational straight line set out, let the whole be called a fourth binomialfifth binomialsixth binomial.