Classification of incommensurables: Book 10 Definitions III
Translations
αʹ. Ὑποκειμένης ῥητῆς καὶ ἀποτομῆς, ἐὰν μὲν ἡ ὅλη τῆς προσαρμοζούσης μεῖζον δύνηται τῷ ἀπὸ συμμέτρου ἑαυτῇ μήκει, καὶ ἡ ὅλη σύμμετρος ᾖ τῇ ἐκκειμένῃῥητῇμήκει, καλείσθω ἀποτομὴ πρώτη.βʹ. Ἐὰν δὲ ἡ προσαρμόζουσα σύμμετρος ᾖ τῇ ἐκκειμένῃ ῥητῇ μήκει, καὶ ἡ ὅλη τῆς προσαρμοζούσης μεῖζον δύνηται τῷ ἀπὸ συμμέτρου ἑαυτῇ, καλείσθω ἀποτομὴ δευτέρα.γʹ. Ἐὰν δὲ μηδετέρα σύμμετρος ᾖ τῇ ἐκκειμένῃ ῥητῇ μήκει, ἡ δὲ ὅλη τῆς προσαρμοζούσης μεῖζον δύνηται τῷ ἀπὸ συμμέτρου ἑαυτῇ, καλείσθω ἀποτομὴ τρίτη.δʹ. Πάλιν, ἐὰν ἡ ὅλη τῆς προσαρμοζούσης μεῖζον δύνηται τῷ ἀπὸ ἀσυμμέτρου ἑαυτῇ [μήκει], ἐὰν μὲν ἡ ὅλη σύμμετρος ᾖ τῇ ἐκκειμένῃ ῥητῇ μήκει, καλείσθω ἀποτομὴ τετάρτη.εʹ. Ἐὰν δὲ ἡ προσαρμόζουσα, πέμπτη.ϛʹ. Ἐὰν δὲ μηδετέρα, ἕκτη.
1. Given a rational straight line and an apotome, if the square on the whole be greater than the square on the annex by the square on a straight line commensurable in length with the whole, and the whole be commensurable in length with the rational straight line set out, let the apotome be called a first apotome.2. But if the annex be commensurable in length with the rational straight line set out, and the square on the whole be greater than that on the annex by the square on a straight line commensurable in length with the whole, let the apotome be called a second apotome.3. But if neither be commensurable in length with the rational straight line set out, and the square on the whole be greater than the square on the annex by the square on a straight line commensurable with the whole, let the apotome be called a third apotome.4. Again, if the square on the whole be greater than the square on the annex by the square on a straight line incommensurable with the whole, then, if the whole be commensurable in length with the rational straight line set out, let the apotome be called a fourth apotome. if the annex be so commensurable, a fifthsixth.