Measurement of figures: Book 12 Proposition 13
Translations
Ἐὰν κύλινδρος ἐπιπέδῳ τμηθῇ παραλλήλῳ ὄντι τοῖς ἀπεναντίον ἐπιπέδοις, ἔσται ὡς ὁ κύλινδρος πρὸς τὸν κύλινδρον, οὕτως ὁ ἄξων πρὸς τὸν ἄξονα. Κύλινδρος γὰρ ὁ ΑΔ ἐπιπέδῳ τῷ ΗΘ τετμήσθω παραλλήλῳ ὄντι τοῖς ἀπεναντίον ἐπιπέδοις τοῖς ΑΒ, ΓΔ, καὶ συμβαλλέτω τῷ ἄξονι τὸ ΗΘ ἐπίπεδον κατὰ τὸ Κ σημεῖον: λέγω, ὅτι ἐστὶν ὡς ὁ ΒΗ κύλινδρος πρὸς τὸν ΗΔ κύλινδρον, οὕτως ὁ ΕΚ ἄξων πρὸς τὸν ΚΖ ἄξονα. Ἐκβεβλήσθω γὰρ ὁ ΕΖ ἄξων ἐφ' ἑκάτερα τὰ μέρη ἐπὶ τὰ Λ, Μ σημεῖα, καὶ ἐκκείσθωσαν τῷ ΕΚ ἄξονι ἴσοι ὁσοιδηποτοῦν οἱ ΕΝ, ΝΛ, τῷ δὲ ΖΚ ἴσοι ὁσοιδηποτοῦν οἱ ΖΞ, ΞΜ, καὶ νοείσθω ὁ ἐπὶ τοῦ ΛΜ ἄξονος κύλινδρος ὁ ΟΧ, οὗ βάσεις οἱ ΟΠ, ΦΧ κύκλοι. καὶ ἐκβεβλήσθω διὰ τῶν Ν, Ξ σημείων ἐπίπεδα παράλληλα τοῖς ΑΒ, ΓΔ καὶ ταῖς βάσεσι τοῦ ΟΧ κυλίνδρου καὶ ποιείτωσαν τοὺς ΡΣ, ΤΥ κύκλους περὶ τὰ Ν, Ξ κέντρα. καὶ ἐπεὶ οἱ ΛΝ, ΝΕ, ΕΚ ἄξονες ἴσοι εἰσὶν ἀλλήλοις, οἱ ἄρα ΠΡ, ΡΒ, ΒΗ κύλινδροι πρὸς ἀλλήλους εἰσὶν ὡς αἱ βάσεις. ἴσαι δέ εἰσιν αἱ βάσεις: ἴσοι ἄρα καὶ οἱ ΠΡ, ΡΒ, ΒΗ κύλινδροι ἀλλήλοις. ἐπεὶ οὖν οἱ ΛΝ, ΝΕ, ΕΚ ἄξονες ἴσοι εἰσὶν ἀλλήλοις, εἰσὶ δὲ καὶ οἱ ΠΡ, ΡΒ, ΒΗ κύλινδροι ἴσοι ἀλλήλοις, καί ἐστιν ἴσον τὸ πλῆθος τῷ πλήθει, ὁσαπλασίων ἄρα ὁ ΚΛ ἄξων τοῦ ΕΚ ἄξονος, τοσαυταπλασίων ἔσται καὶ ὁ ΠΗ κύλινδρος τοῦ ΗΒ κυλίνδρου. διὰ τὰ αὐτὰ δὴ καὶ ὁσαπλασίων ἐστὶν ὁ ΜΚ ἄξων τοῦ ΚΖ ἄξονος, τοσαυταπλασίων ἐστὶ καὶ ὁ ΧΗ κύλινδρος τοῦ ΗΔ κυλίνδρου. καὶ εἰ μὲν ἴσος ἐστὶν ὁ ΚΛ ἄξων τῷ ΚΜ ἄξονι, ἴσος ἔσται καὶ ὁ ΠΗ κύλινδρος τῷ ΗΧ κυλίνδρῳ, εἰ δὲ μείζων ὁ ἄξων τοῦ ἄξονος, μείζων καὶ ὁ κύλινδρος τοῦ κυλίνδρου, καὶ εἰ ἐλάσσων, ἐλάσσων. τεσσάρων δὴ μεγεθῶν ὄντων, ἀξόνων μὲν τῶν ΕΚ, ΚΖ, κυλίνδρων δὲ τῶν ΒΗ, ΗΔ, εἴληπται ἰσάκις πολλαπλάσια, τοῦ μὲν ΕΚ ἄξονος καὶ τοῦ ΒΗ κυλίνδρου ὅ τε ΛΚ ἄξων καὶ ὁ ΠΗ κύλινδρος, τοῦ δὲ ΚΖ ἄξονος καὶ τοῦ ΗΔ κυλίνδρου ὅ τε ΚΜ ἄξων καὶ ὁ ΗΧ κύλινδρος, καὶ δέδεικται, ὅτι εἰ ὑπερέχει ὁ ΚΛ ἄξων τοῦ ΚΜ ἄξονος, ὑπερέχει καὶ ὁ ΠΗ κύλινδρος τοῦ ΗΧ κυλίνδρου, καὶ εἰ ἴσος, ἴσος, καὶ εἰ ἐλάσσων, ἐλάσσων. ἔστιν ἄρα ὡς ὁ ΕΚ ἄξων πρὸς τὸν ΚΖ ἄξονα, οὕτως ὁ ΒΗ κύλινδρος πρὸς τὸν ΗΔ κύλινδρον: ὅπερ ἔδει δεῖξαι.
If a cylinder be cut by a plane which is parallel to its opposite planes, then, as the cylinder is to the cylinder, so will the axis be to the axis. For let the cylinder AD be cut by the plane GH which is parallel to the opposite planes AB, CD, and let the plane GH meet the axis at the point K; I say that, as the cylinder BG is to the cylinder GD, so is the axis EK to the axis KF. For let the axis EF be produced in both directions to the points L, M, and let there be set out any number whatever of axes EN, NL equal to the axis EK, and any number whatever FO, OM equal to FK; and let the cylinder PW on the axis LM be conceived of which the circles PQ, VW are the bases. Let planes be carried through the points N, O parallel to AB, CD and to the bases of the cylinder PW, and let them produce the circles RS, TU about the centres N, O. Then, since the axes LN, NE, EK are equal to one another, therefore the cylinders QR, RB, BG are to one another as their bases. [XII. 11] But the bases are equal; therefore the cylinders QR, RB, BG are also equal to one another. Since then the axes LN, NE, EK are equal to one another, and the cylinders QR, RB, BG are also equal to one another, and the multitude of the former is equal to the multitude of the latter, therefore, whatever multiple the axis KL is of the axis EK, the same multiple also will the cylinder QG be of the cylinder GB. For the same reason, whatever multiple the axis MK is of the axis KF, the same multiple also is the cylinder WG of the cylinder GD. And, if the axis KL is equal to the axis KM, the cylinder QG will also be equal to the cylinder GW, if the axis is greater than the axis, the cylinder will also be greater than the cylinder, and if less, less. Thus, there being four magnitudes, the axes EK, KF and the cylinders BG, GD, there have been taken equimultiples of the axis EK and of the cylinder BG, namely the axis LK and the cylinder QG, and equimultiples of the axis KF and of the cylinder GD, namely the axis KM and the cylinder GW; and it has been proved that, if the axis KL is in excess of the axis KM, the cylinder QG is also in excess of the cylinder GW, if equal, equal, and if less, less.