Regular solids: Book 13 Proposition 3
Translations
Ἐὰν εὐθεῖα γραμμὴ ἄκρον καὶ μέσον λόγον τμηθῇ, τὸ ἔλασσον τμῆμα προσλαβὸν τὴν ἡμίσειαν τοῦ μείζονος τμήματος πενταπλάσιον δύναται τοῦ ἀπὸ τῆς ἡμισείας τοῦ μείζονος τμήματος τετραγώνου. Εὐθεῖα γάρ τις ἡ ΑΒ ἄκρον καὶ μέσον λόγον τετμήσθω κατὰ τὸ Γ σημεῖον, καὶ ἔστω μεῖζον τμῆμα τὸ ΑΓ, καὶ τετμήσθω ἡ ΑΓ δίχα κατὰ τὸ Δ: λέγω, ὅτι πενταπλάσιόν ἐστι τὸ ἀπὸ τῆς ΒΔ τοῦ ἀπὸ τῆς ΔΓ. Ἀναγεγράφθω γὰρ ἀπὸ τῆς ΑΒ τετράγωνον τὸ ΑΕ, καὶ καταγεγράφθω διπλοῦν τὸ σχῆμα. ἐπεὶ διπλῆ ἐστιν ἡ ΑΓ τῆς ΔΓ, τετραπλάσιον ἄρα τὸ ἀπὸ τῆς ΑΓ τοῦ ἀπὸ τῆς ΔΓ, τουτέστι τὸ ΡΣ τοῦ ΖΗ. καὶ ἐπεὶ τὸ ὑπὸ τῶν ΑΒΓ ἴσον ἐστὶ τῷ ἀπὸ τῆς ΑΓ, καί ἐστι τὸ ὑπὸ τῶν ΑΒΓ τὸ ΓΕ, τὸ ἄρα ΓΕ ἴσον ἐστὶ τῷ ΡΣ. τετραπλάσιον δὲ τὸ ΡΣ τοῦ ΖΗ: τετραπλάσιον ἄρα καὶ τὸ ΓΕ τοῦ ΖΗ. πάλιν ἐπεὶ ἴση ἐστὶν ἡ ΑΔ τῇ ΔΓ, ἴση ἐστὶ καὶ ἡ ΘΚ τῇ ΚΖ. ὥστε καὶ τὸ ΗΖ τετράγωνον ἴσον ἐστὶ τῷ ΘΛ τετραγώνῳ. ἴση ἄρα ἡ ΗΚ τῇ ΚΛ, τουτέστιν ἡ ΜΝ τῇ ΝΕ: ὥστε καὶ τὸ ΜΖ τῷ ΖΕ ἐστιν ἴσον. ἀλλὰ τὸ ΜΖ τῷ ΓΗ ἐστιν ἴσον: καὶ τὸ ΓΗ ἄρα τῷ ΖΕ ἐστιν ἴσον. κοινὸν προσκείσθω τὸ ΓΝ: ὁ ἄρα ΞΟΠ γνώμων ἴσος ἐστὶ τῷ ΓΕ. ἀλλὰ τὸ ΓΕ τετραπλάσιον ἐδείχθη τοῦ ΗΖ: καὶ ὁ ΞΟΠ ἄρα γνώμων τετραπλάσιός ἐστι τοῦ ΖΗ τετραγώνου. ὁ ΞΟΠ ἄρα γνώμων καὶ τὸ ΖΗ τετράγωνον πενταπλάσιός ἐστι τοῦ ΖΗ. ἀλλὰ ὁ ΞΟΠ γνώμων καὶ τὸ ΖΗ τετράγωνόν ἐστι τὸ ΔΝ. καί ἐστι τὸ μὲν ΔΝ τὸ ἀπὸ τῆς ΔΒ, τὸ δὲ ΗΖ τὸ ἀπὸ τῆς ΔΓ. τὸ ἄρα ἀπὸ τῆς ΔΒ πενταπλάσιόν ἐστι τοῦ ἀπὸ τῆς ΔΓ: ὅπερ ἔδει δεῖξαι.
If a straight line be cut in extreme and mean ratio, the square on the lesser segment added to the half of the greater segment is five times the square on the half of the greater segment. For let any straight line AB be cut in extreme and mean ratio at the point C, let AC be the greater segment, and let AC be bisected at D; I say that the square on BD is five times the square on DC. For let the square AE be described on AB, and let the figure be drawn double. Since AC is double of DC, therefore the square on AC is quadruple of the square on DC, that is, RS is quadruple of FG. And, since the rectangle AB, BC is equal to the square on AC, and CE is the rectangle AB, BC, therefore CE is equal to RS. But RS is quadruple of FG; therefore CE is also quadruple of FG. Again, since AD is equal to DC, HK is also equal to KF. Hence the square GF is also equal to the square HL. Therefore GK is equal to KL, that is, MN to NE; hence MF is also equal to FE. But MF is equal to CG; therefore CG is also equal to FE. Let CN be added to each; therefore the gnomon OPQ is equal to CE. But CE was proved quadruple of GF; therefore the gnomon OPQ is also quadruple of the square FG. Therefore the gnomon OPQ and the square FG are five times FG. But the gnomon OPQ and the square FG are the square DN. And DN is the square on DB, and GF the square on DC.