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If two parallel planes be cut by any plane, their common sections are parallel.
| Ἐὰν δύο ἐπίπεδα παράλληλα ὑπὸ ἐπιπέδου τινὸς τέμνηται, αἱ κοιναὶ αὐτῶν τομαὶ παράλληλοί εἰσιν. Δύο γὰρ ἐπίπεδα παράλληλα τὰ ΑΒ, ΓΔ ὑπὸ ἐπιπέδου τοῦ ΕΖΗΘ τεμνέσθω, κοιναὶ δὲ αὐτῶν τομαὶ ἔστωσαν αἱ ΕΖ, ΗΘ: λέγω, ὅτι παράλληλός ἐστιν ἡ ΕΖ τῇ ΗΘ. Εἰ γὰρ μή, ἐκβαλλόμεναι αἱ ΕΖ, ΗΘ ἤτοι ἐπὶ τὰ Ζ, Θ μέρη ἢ ἐπὶ τὰ Ε, Η συμπεσοῦνται. ἐκβεβλήσθωσαν ὡς ἐπὶ τὰ Ζ, Θ μέρη καὶ συμπιπτέτωσαν πρότερον κατὰ τὸ Κ. καὶ ἐπεὶ ἡ ΕΖΚ ἐν τῷ ΑΒ ἐστιν ἐπιπέδῳ, καὶ πάντα ἄρα τὰ ἐπὶ τῆς ΕΖΚ σημεῖα ἐν τῷ ΑΒ ἐστιν ἐπιπέδῳ. ἓν δὲ τῶν ἐπὶ τῆς ΕΖΚ εὐθείας σημείων ἐστὶ τὸ Κ: τὸ Κ ἄρα ἐν τῷ ΑΒ ἐστιν ἐπιπέδῳ. διὰ τὰ αὐτὰ δὴ τὸ Κ καὶ ἐν τῷ ΓΔ ἐστιν ἐπιπέδῳ: τὰ ΑΒ, ΓΔ ἄρα ἐπίπεδα ἐκβαλλόμενα συμπεσοῦνται. οὐ συμπίπτουσι δὲ διὰ τὸ παράλληλα ὑποκεῖσθαι: οὐκ ἄρα αἱ ΕΖ, ΗΘ εὐθεῖαι ἐκβαλλόμεναι ἐπὶ τὰ Ζ, Θ μέρη συμπεσοῦνται. ὁμοίως δὴ δείξομεν, ὅτι αἱ ΕΖ, ΗΘ εὐθεῖαι οὐδὲ ἐπὶ τὰ Ε, Η μέρη ἐκβαλλόμεναι συμπεσοῦνται. αἱ δὲ ἐπὶ μηδέτερα τὰ μέρη συμπίπτουσαι παράλληλοί εἰσιν. παράλληλος ἄρα ἐστὶν ἡ ΕΖ τῇ ΗΘ. Ἐὰν ἄρα δύο ἐπίπεδα παράλληλα ὑπὸ ἐπιπέδου τινὸς τέμνηται, αἱ κοιναὶ αὐτῶν τομαὶ παράλληλοί εἰσιν: ὅπερ ἔδει δεῖξαι. | If two parallel planes be cut by any plane, their common sections are parallel. For let the two parallel planes AB, CD be cut by the plane EFGH, and let EF, GH be their common sections; I say that EF is parallel to GH. For, if not, EF, GH will, when produced, meet either in the direction of F, H or of E, G. Let them be produced, as in the direction of F, H, and let them, first, meet at K. Now, since EFK is in the plane AB, therefore all the points on EFK are also in the plane AB. [XI. 1] But K is one of the points on the straight line EFK; therefore K is in the plane AB. For the same reason K is also in the plane CD; therefore the planes AB, CD will meet when produced. But they do not meet, because they are, by hypothesis, parallel; therefore the straight lines EF, GH will not meet when produced in the direction of F, H. Similarly we can prove that neither will the straight lines EF, GH meet when produced in the direction of E, G. But straight lines which do not meet in either direction are parallel. [I. Def. 23] Therefore EF is parallel to GH. |