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On a given straight line, and at a given point on it, to construct a solid angle equal to a given solid angle.
| Πρὸς τῇ δοθείσῃ εὐθείᾳ καὶ τῷ πρὸς αὐτῇ σημείῳ τῇ δοθείσῃ στερεᾷ γωνίᾳ ἴσην στερεὰν γωνίαν συστήσασθαι. Ἔστω ἡ μὲν δοθεῖσα εὐθεῖα ἡ ΑΒ, τὸ δὲ πρὸς αὐτῇ δοθὲν σημεῖον τὸ Α, ἡ δὲ δοθεῖσα στερεὰ γωνία ἡ πρὸς τῷ Δ περιεχομένη ὑπὸ τῶν ὑπὸ ΕΔΓ, ΕΔΖ, ΖΔΓ γωνιῶν ἐπιπέδων: δεῖ δὴ πρὸς τῇ ΑΒ εὐθείᾳ καὶ τῷ πρὸς αὐτῇ σημείῳ τῷ Α τῇ πρὸς τῷ Δ στερεᾷ γωνίᾳ ἴσην στερεὰν γωνίαν συστήσασθαι. Εἰλήφθω γὰρ ἐπὶ τῆς ΔΖ τυχὸν σημεῖον τὸ Ζ, καὶ ἤχθω ἀπὸ τοῦ Ζ ἐπὶ τὸ διὰ τῶν ΕΔ, ΔΓ ἐπίπεδον κάθετος ἡ ΖΗ, καὶ συμβαλλέτω τῷ ἐπιπέδῳ κατὰ τὸ Η, καὶ ἐπεζεύχθω ἡ ΔΗ, καὶ συνεστάτω πρὸς τῇ ΑΒ εὐθείᾳ καὶ τῷ πρὸς αὐτῇ σημείῳ τῷ Α τῇ μὲν ὑπὸ ΕΔΓ γωνίᾳ ἴση ἡ ὑπὸ ΒΑΛ, τῇ δὲ ὑπὸ ΕΔΗ ἴση ἡ ὑπὸ ΒΑΚ, καὶ κείσθω τῇ ΔΗ ἴση ἡ ΑΚ, καὶ ἀνεστάτω ἀπὸ τοῦ Κ σημείου τῷ διὰ τῶν ΒΑΛ ἐπιπέδῳ πρὸς ὀρθὰς ἡ ΚΘ, καὶ κείσθω ἴση τῇ ΗΖ ἡ ΚΘ, καὶ ἐπεζεύχθω ἡ ΘΑ: λέγω, ὅτι ἡ πρὸς τῷ Α στερεὰ γωνία περιεχομένη ὑπὸ τῶν ΒΑΛ, ΒΑΘ, ΘΑΛ γωνιῶν ἴση ἐστὶ τῇ πρὸς τῷ Δ στερεᾷ γωνίᾳ τῇ περιεχομένῃ ὑπὸ τῶν ΕΔΓ, ΕΔΖ, ΖΔΓ γωνιῶν. Ἀπειλήφθωσαν γὰρ ἴσαι αἱ ΑΒ, ΔΕ, καὶ ἐπεζεύχθωσαν αἱ ΘΒ, ΚΒ, ΖΕ, ΗΕ. καὶ ἐπεὶ ἡ ΖΗ ὀρθή ἐστι πρὸς τὸ ὑποκείμενον ἐπίπεδον, καὶ πρὸς πάσας ἄρα τὰς ἁπτομένας αὐτῆς εὐθείας καὶ οὔσας ἐν τῷ ὑποκειμένῳ ἐπιπέδῳ ὀρθὰς ποιήσει γωνίας: ὀρθὴ ἄρα ἐστὶν ἑκατέρα τῶν ὑπὸ ΖΗΔ, ΖΗΕ γωνιῶν. διὰ τὰ αὐτὰ δὴ καὶ ἑκατέρα τῶν ὑπὸ ΘΚΑ, ΘΚΒ γωνιῶν ὀρθή ἐστιν. καὶ ἐπεὶ δύο αἱ ΚΑ, ΑΒ δύο ταῖς ΗΔ, ΔΕ ἴσαι εἰσὶν ἑκατέρα ἑκατέρᾳ, καὶ γωνίας ἴσας περιέχουσιν, βάσις ἄρα ἡ ΚΒ βάσει τῇ ΗΕ ἴση ἐστίν. ἔστι δὲ καὶ ἡ ΚΘ τῇ ΗΖ ἴση: καὶ γωνίας ὀρθὰς περιέχουσιν: ἴση ἄρα καὶ ἡ ΘΒ τῇ ΖΕ. πάλιν ἐπεὶ δύο αἱ ΑΚ, ΚΘ δυσὶ ταῖς ΔΗ, ΗΖ ἴσαι εἰσίν, καὶ γωνίας ὀρθὰς περιέχουσιν, βάσις ἄρα ἡ ΑΘ βάσει τῇ ΖΔ ἴση ἐστίν. ἔστι δὲ καὶ ἡ ΑΒ τῇ ΔΕ ἴση: δύο δὴ αἱ ΘΑ, ΑΒ δύο ταῖς ΔΖ, ΔΕ ἴσαι εἰσίν. καὶ βάσις ἡ ΘΒ βάσει τῇ ΖΕ ἴση: γωνία ἄρα ἡ ὑπὸ ΒΑΘ γωνίᾳ τῇ ὑπὸ ΕΔΖ ἐστιν ἴση. διὰ τὰ αὐτὰ δὴ καὶ ἡ ὑπὸ ΘΑΛ τῇ ὑπὸ ΖΔΓ ἐστιν ἴση [ ἐπειδήπερ ἐὰν ἀπολάβωμεν ἴσας τὰς ΑΛ, ΔΓ καὶ ἐπιζεύξωμεν τὰς ΚΛ, ΘΛ, ΗΓ, ΖΓ, ἐπεὶ ὅλη ἡ ὑπὸ ΒΑΛ ὅλῃ τῇ ὑπὸ ΕΔΓ ἐστιν ἴση, ὧν ἡ ὑπὸ ΒΑΚ τῇ ὑπὸ ΕΔΗ ὑπόκειται ἴση, λοιπὴ ἄρα ἡ ὑπὸ ΚΑΛ λοιπῇ τῇ ὑπὸ ΗΔΓ ἐστιν ἴση. καὶ ἐπεὶ δύο αἱ ΚΑ, ΑΛ δυσὶ ταῖς ΗΔ, ΔΓ ἴσαι εἰσίν, καὶ γωνίας ἴσας περιέχουσιν, βάσις ἄρα ἡ ΚΛ βάσει τῇ ΗΓ ἐστιν ἴση. ἔστι δὲ καὶ ἡ ΚΘ τῇ ΗΖ ἴση: δύο δὴ αἱ ΛΚ, ΚΘ δυσὶ ταῖς ΓΗ, ΗΖ εἰσιν ἴσαι: καὶ γωνίας ὀρθὰς περιέχουσιν: βάσις ἄρα ἡ ΘΛ βάσει τῇ ΖΓ ἐστιν ἴση. καὶ ἐπεὶ δύο αἱ ΘΑ, ΑΛ δυσὶ ταῖς ΖΔ, ΔΓ εἰσιν ἴσαι, καὶ βάσις ἡ ΘΛ βάσει τῇ ΖΓ ἐστιν ἴση, γωνία ἄρα ἡ ὑπὸ ΘΑΛ γωνίᾳ τῇ ὑπὸ ΖΔΓ ἐστιν ἴση ]. ἔστι δὲ καὶ ἡ ὑπὸ ΒΑΛ τῇ ὑπὸ ΕΔΓ ἴση. Πρὸς ἄρα τῇ δοθείσῃ εὐθείᾳ τῇ ΑΒ καὶ τῷ πρὸς αὐτῇ σημείῳ τῷ Α τῇ δοθείσῃ στερεᾷ γωνίᾳ τῇ πρὸς τῷ Δ ἴση συνέσταται: ὅπερ ἔδει ποιῆσαι. | On a given straight line, and at a given point on it, to construct a solid angle equal to a given solid angle. Let AB be the given straight line, A the given point on it, and the angle at D, contained by the angles EDC, EDF, FDC, the given solid angle; thus it is required to construct on the straight line AB, and at the point A on it, a solid angle equal to the solid angle at D. For let a point F be taken at random on DF, let FG be drawn from F perpendicular to the plane through ED, DC, and let it meet the plane at G, [XI. 11] let DG be joined, let there be constructed on the straight line AB and at the point A on it the angle BAL equal to the angle EDC, and the angle BAK equal to the angle EDG, [I. 23] let AK be made equal to DG, let KH be set up from the point K at right angles to the plane through BA, AL, [XI. 12] let KH be made equal to GF, and let HA be joined; I say that the solid angle at A, contained by the angles BAL, BAH, HAL is equal to the solid angle at D contained by the angles EDC, EDF, FDC. For let AB, DE be cut off equal to one another, and let HB, KB, FE, GE be joined. Then, since FG is at right angles to the plane of reference, it will also make right angles with all the straight lines which meet it and are in the plane of reference; [XI. Def. 3] therefore each of the angles FGD, FGE is right. For the same reason each of the angles HKA, HKB is also right. And, since the two sides KA, AB are equal to the two sides GD, DE respectively, and they contain equal angles, therefore the base KB is equal to the base GE. [I. 4] But KH is also equal to GF, and they contain right angles; therefore HB is also equal to FE. [I. 4] Again, since the two sides AK, KH are equal to the two sides DG, GF, and they contain right angles, therefore the base AH is equal to the base FD. [I. 4] But AB is also equal to DE; therefore the two sides HA, AB are equal to the two sides DF, DE. And the base HB is equal to the base FE; therefore the angle BAH is equal to the angle EDF. [I. 8] For the same reason the angle HAL is also equal to the angle FDC. And the angle BAL is also equal to the angle EDC. |